To What Extent Can Cognitive Development Be Understood in...

2018 To what extent can cognitive development be understood in terms of the specialization of function in specific structures of the brain? Developmental cognitive neuropsychology seeks to understand and explain the relationship between the human brain and its function. One might consider the extent to which cognitive development can be understood in terms of the specialisation of function in specific structures of the brain. Two contrasting theories of functional specialisation will be presented, debating the means by which brain functions develop and contesting the influence environment bears upon the maturing brain. To enable exploration of this topic, an account of key concepts of brain development will be offered throughout. The†¦show more content†¦One example of this adaptation is captured by the Hebb rule (Hebb, 1949), in which synaptic adjustment between neurons activated by environmental stimulii leads directly to lowered synaptic resistance, and thus strengthening of neural pathways. The theory of selectionism (Changeux, 1985) further supports the epigenetic argument of Karmiloff-Smith, explaining the manner by which neural pathways become specialised, with preservation of frequently used paths, whilst dendritic connections in unused-pathways die out. Karmiloff-Smith’s principal argument for modularisation, however, relates to the flexibility of cognitive development, positing that the complexity of the human brain supports an epigenetic rationale (1992). Argument relating to brain plasticity in infants could be deemed to support this argument - whilst some brain regions are associated with particular cognitive functions, the concept of plasticity suggests the developing cortex can compensate for loss of function or damage during infancy to another cortical area[2]. Plasticity may not be epigenetic – a viewpoint exists that a determined genetic blue-print plans for the possibility of brain damage – however, the amount of encoded genetic material necessary to provide complex domain-specific functions renders epigenesis, and therefore modularisation, aShow MoreRelatedTheory of Multiple Intelligences3604 Words   |  15 Pagesintelligences The theory of multiple intelligences was proposed by Howard Gardner in 1983 as a model of intelligence that differentiates intelligence into various specific (primarily sensory) modalities[disambiguation needed], rather than seeing it as dominated by a single general ability. 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